The US Coast Guard's requirements for the recognition of an organisation or a classification society are more stringent than those of other administrations. Among others the USCG criteria request the following: (1) not to be under the financial control of ship owners or shipbuilders, or of others engaged commercially in the manufacture, equipping, repair or operation of ships. (2) not be financially dependent on a single commercial enterprise for its revenue. (3) not have any business interest, or share of ownership of, any vessel in its classed fleet. (4) not be involved in any activities which could result in a conflict of interest. Underwriter: A person or institution that insures a ship or its cargo against damage or loss. An underwriter assesses the level of risk and calculates the premium to be paid. Validation: The last step in the design process to verify the effectiveness of the design to fulfil the established purpose. Usually, this is made by re-check of drawings and calculations and/or by prototype extensive testing (even destructive tests, if necessary) carried out by a person not having been involved in the design performance or in the normal routine inspection. Withdrawal: of Class A ship loses her class permanently. Witness: To be present at the test and to be able to give evidence about its out come