USA 4


USA 4 :

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rulemaking promulgated in 1998 contains three levels of locomotive-specific emissions limits corresponding to the date of a locomotive's original manufacture - Tier 0, Tier 1 and Tier 2 (as listed below). The significance of the US EPA regulations for Canadian railways is that the new locomotives they traditionally acquire from the American locomotive original equipment manufacturers (OEM) are manufactured to meet the latest EPA emissions limits. Hence, emissions in Canada are reduced as these new locomotives are acquired. Referencing the above-listed limits for locomotives operating in the U.S., the EPA in 2008 put into force revisions, which tighten the existing Tier 0 to Tier 2 standards. The revisions are now referred to as Tier 0+, Tier 1+ and Tier 2+ standards. As indicated in the tables below, the revised standards also take into account the year of original manufacture of the locomotive. Also, two new, more stringent standards levels were introduced, designated Tier 3 and Tier 4. The revised and new standards are to be phased-in between 2010 and 2015 for locomotives as they become new (new in this case includes both when locomotives are originally manufactured and when remanufactured). It is envisaged that to meet the Tier 4 standards, locomotives manufactured starting in 2015 will require additional exhaust gas treatment technologies to be installed and be dependent upon diesel fuel having a sulphur content capped at 15 ppm. Elaboration on the US EPA locomotive emissions regulations can be viewed on the website: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/locomotives.htm

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