W phase
W phase : The term W phase was introduced by Kanamori (1993) to describe the complex interference of multiple reflections and/or P-to-S or S-to-P conversions of long-period body waves of large earthquakes. The W phase appear as a long-period (approximately 100 -1000 s) phase in the seismogram between P and S waves. Recently, this phase came into focus as a strong candidate for deriving in real-time operation stable and nonsaturating moment magnitude and source mechanism estimates of large earthquakes without waiting for surface wave information. This is of great advantage for tsunami early warning systems. See Kanamori and Rivera (2008) and Hayes et al. (2009)
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