Women's Rights


Women's Rights :

Women's rights have become an important European Communities (EC) concern, based initially upon Article 141, TEC (new Article III-108), as amended by the Treaty of Amsterdam (in force 1999), which committed the European Union (EU) Member States to ensuring that the principle of equal pay for male and female workers for equal work or work of equal value is applied. Various directives require the EU Member States to amend their laws to exclude any form of sex discrimination and to ensure equality in training, appointments, promotion and pay. Workers who believe they are the victims of discrimination have the right to take their case to a tribunal without fear of dismissal: the Court of Justice can act as the final arbiter as to whether national laws conflict with EC rules. Discrimination in social security systems was banned in 1978, and in 1986 it was decreed that discrimination in occupational pension schemes had to end by 1993. In 1997 the Council of the European Union adopted a Directive on sex-discrimination cases (97/80/EC of 15 December 1997), whereby the plaintiff and defendant were to share the burden of proof. The European Commission has also launched a number of special action schemes. In May 1998 the EU's first conference on women's employment was held in Belfast. See: Discrimination (employment and occupation); EQUAL; Equal opportunities; Equal pay; Equal treatment; Equal treatment in employment and occupation; Equal treatment for men and women; Fundamental rights; Women's rights

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