Effect(S)
Effect(S) : The consequences of an event. The effects may be single, but most often are multiple and involve multiple basic functions. Any or all of the basic functions of the society affected may become impaired as part of the effects of the impact: (1) Medical services; (2) Public health; (3) Sanitation and water supplies; (4) Food; (5) Shelter/clothing; (6) Energy supply; (8) Public works; (9) Environment; (10) Logistics/transportation; (11) Security; (12) Communications; and/or (13) Economy. In addition, the structure that provides for Coordination and Control of these functions may become impaired or inoperative. effects may be acute and have a short time course or may have several phases usually described as (1) alert/notification; (2) response and recovery; and 3) reconstruction and rehabilitation. It is important to recognize that there may be primary and secondary effects of an event. Primary effects are those that are a direct result of the event. Secondary effects are those that result from the primary effects or from the responses to the event. Although described as acute, some effects may be ongoing and stretch over long periods of time (e.g., famine, drought, epidemics, complex human emergencies). These effects are functions of the vulnerability of the population and the environment and to the human responses to the impact of the event. Effects = Vtotal +a1z1 +a2z2. where Vtotal is the total, aggregate vulnerability of the population, a1z1 are the positive responses, and a2z2 are the negative responses. Positive responses produce a positive result (outcome) and negative responses result in a negative outcome
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