An IVMS is a small piece of hardware that fits on or behind the dashboard of a vehicle. The hardware monitors certain data such as speed, acceleration, deceleration, kilometers driven and driver hours as a minimum, although many other parameters can be monitored. These data are collated against a particular driver for each journey they undertake due to the fact that the driver activates the IVMS device by either entering a driver ID into the monitor or using a driver ID key to plug into the monitor. At the end of a journey or a series of journeys these data can be downloaded to a computer by various means. The downloaded data output from the monitor provides a profile of an individual driver's actual driving performance on work related journeys. This data profile can then be used by a supervisor to coach the driver to reduce speed, reduce harsh braking, acceleration etc. This coaching and improvement step is the Data Management System (DMS) element. It should be noted that IVMS with DMS is not a policing tool but is a means of developing shared understanding and common values (driving culture) regarding safe operation of a vehicle. IVMS is sometimes also called a VDR (Vehicle Data Recorder)