Disasters do not just appear one day. Rather they exist throughout time and have a lifecycle of occurrence which must be matched by a series of management phases that include strategies to mitigate hazards, prepare for and respond to emergencies, and recover from their effects.: (FEMA, The Emergency Pgm Mgr, 1993, 1-5) Thus: (1) To mitigate (mitigation) (2) Prepare for (preparedness) (3) Respond to (response) (4) Recover from (recovery)