Standards: There are certain standard codes that need to be followed while designing or manufacturing any piping system. Organizations that promulgate piping standards include: ASME - The American Society of Mechanical Engineers - B31 series: (a) ASME B31. 1 Power piping (steam piping etc) ' (b) ASME B31. 3 Process piping, (c) ASME B31. 4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids, (d) ASME B31. 5 Refrigeration piping and heat transfer components, (e) ASME B31. 8 Gas transmission and distribution piping systems, (f) ASME B31. 9 Building services piping, (g) ASME B31. 11 Slurry Transportation Piping Systems, (h) ASME B31. 12 Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines; ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials; API - American Petroleum Institute; EN 13480 - European metallic industrial piping code: (a) EN 13480-1 Metallic industrial piping - Part 1: General, (b) EN 13480-2 Metallic industrial piping - Part 2: Materials, (c) EN 13480-3 Metallic industrial piping - Part 3: Design and calculation, (d) EN 13480-4 Metallic industrial piping - Part 4: Fabrication and installation, (e) EN 13480-5 Metallic industrial piping - Part 5: Inspection and testing, (f) EN 13480-6 Metallic industrial piping - Part 6: Additional requirements for buried piping, (g) PD TR 13480-7 Metallic industrial piping - Part 7: Guidance on the use of conformity assessment procedures, (h) EN 13480-8 Metallic industrial piping - Part 8: Additional requirements for aluminium and aluminium alloy piping; EN 1993-4-3 Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures - Part 4-3: Pipelines; AWS - American Welding Society; AWWA - American Water Works Association; MSS  Manufacturers' Standardization Society; ANSI - American National Standards Institute; NFPA - National Fire Protection Association; EJMA - Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association