"The Preparedness Cycle, which provides a process for developing, evaluating, and improving homeland security preparedness, serves as the organizing construct for NPD analyses. (1) Plan (2) Organize, Equip & Train (3) Exercise (4) Evaluate and Improve" (FEMA, 90 Day Update to Congress on National Preparedness, Dennis R. Schrader, Deputy Administrator National Preparedness, Apr 2008, slide 11)