(ICT) A long-established approach to language teaching, consisting of three main phases: (i) the presentation phase, in which the teacher presents new language (e.g. vocabulary and grammar) to the students; (ii) the practice phase, in which the students demonstrate that they understand how to use the new language correctly (e.g. through controlled oral or written activities) with feedback from the teacher; (iii) the production phase, in which the students produce new utterances using what they have learnt