"Presidential Decision Directive 39 (PDD 39), signed in June 1995, is the foundation for current [2001] U.S. policy for combating terrorism. The document spells out three objectives for confronting terrorism: 1) reduce the nation's international and domestic vulnerabilities to terrorism; 2) deter terrorism; and 3) respond to terrorism rapidly and decisively. PDD 39 designates Lead Federal Agencies for international and domestic terrorism policy. The Lead Federal Agency for combating terrorism overseas is the Department of State (DOS) and the agency designated to respond to terrorist attacks on U.S. soil is the Department of Justice (DOJ) through the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has primary responsibility to lead federal efforts to deal with the consequences and collateral second and third order effects of terrorist WMD attacks on American soil. PDD 39 pays particular attention to WMD and includes language stating "The United States shall give the highest priority to developing effective capabilities to detect, prevent, defeat and manage the consequences of nuclear, biological or chemical (NBC) materials or weapons use by terrorists...". 102 (CRS, Terrorism and the Military's Role in Domestic Crisis Management", 19April2001, p. 5)