"PDD 67, issued in 1998, addressed enduring constitutional government and introduced continuity of operations plan (COOP) and continuity of government operations. PDD 67 succeeded NSD 69 "Enduring Constitutional Government" of June 1992. PDD 67, among other things, requires federal agencies to develop COOP plans for essential operations. These COOP plans were viewed as a unifying concept not to replace existing plans but, instead, to be superimposed if and when a problem threatens a serious disruption of agency operations. Several Federal Preparedness Circulars (FPCs) that detail a series of government policies specific to COOP planning and national security emergency preparedness have been written under the authority of PDD 67. The focus of these documents includes succession, vital records, training, COOP requirements, alternative facility requirements, and communications. They are associated with supporting all Federal organizations with viable COOP programs. FPC 65 provides guidance to all Federal Executive Branch departments, agencies, and independent organizations on the development of viable and executable COOP plans. FPC 66 further supports COOP efforts by providing guidance on the development of test, training, and exercise programs to support the implementation and validation of COOP plans. FPC 67, designed as a supplement to FPC 65, provides guidance on implementing COOP plans, specifically in locating alternate facilities to support COOP efforts". (White House, Presidential Decision Directive 67 (PDD 67): Enduring Constitutional Government and Continuity of Government. October 1998)