Negotiations between workers or their representatives and management, typically conducted at the enterprise level and concerning changes in work rules and practices aimed at increasing productivity or eliminating inefficiencies, usually in exchange for material benefits for workers. It also refers to negotiations aiming at eliminating outmoded work practices or introducing new technologies. See: Collective bargaining. Professional training: The Maastricht Treaty, which came into force in 1993, dedicated Article 127, TEC (new Article III-99), to professional training, which states: "The Community shall implement a vocational training policy which shall support and supplement the action of the European Union (EU) Member States, while fully respecting the responsibility of the Member States for the content and organization of vocational training." Community action shall aim to: (1) facilitate adaptation to industrial changes, in particular through vocational training and retraining; (2) improve initial and continuing vocational training in order to facilitate vocational integration and reintegration into the labour market; (3) facilitate access to vocational training and encourage mobility of instructors and trainees, and particularly young people; (4) stimulate cooperation on training between educational or training establishments and firms; (5) Develop exchanges of information and experience on issues common to the training systems of the Member States. The Community and the EU Member States shall foster cooperation with third countries and competent international organizations in the sphere of vocational training