"The protection function focuses on conserving the joint force's fighting potential in four primary ways - (1) active defensive measures that protect the joint force, its information, its bases, necessary infrastructure, and lines of communications from an adversary's attack; (2) passive defensive measures that make friendly forces, systems, and facilities difficult to locate, strike, and destroy; applying technology and procedures to reduce the risk of fratricide; and (3) emergency management and response to reduce the loss of personnel and capabilities due to accidents. It includes, but extends beyond, FP [force protection] to encompass protection of US noncombatants; the forces, systems, and civil infrastructure of friendly nations; and other government agencies, IGOs [intergovernmental organizations] and NGOs. The protection function applies domestically in the context of HD". (DOD, Homeland Defense, 2007, p. JP 3- 27 (31) )