"An all-hazard warning system suitable for all types of events is preferable to stand-alone, event-based systems. An effective public warning system is one that does far more than just alert citizens to an impending hazard. An effective public warning system is one that provides the ability for government authorities to communicate with citizens prior to, through and after the emergency event. In addition to alerting citizens, an effective public warning system provides information on how to prevent and protect against disasters, and information to assist in recovery efforts". (Partnership for Public Warning, Protecting America's Communities, 2004, p. 3)