(1) Long-term measures to reduce the scale and/or the duration eventual adverse effects of unavoidable or unpreventable disaster hazards on a society which is at risk, by reducing the vulnerability of its people, structures, services, and economic activities to the impact of known disaster hazards. Typical risk reduction measures include improved building standards, flood plain zoning and land-use planning, crop diversification, and planting windbreaks. The measures are frequently subdivided into structural and non-structural, active and passive measures. N.B. A number of sources have used disaster mitigation in this context, while others have used disaster prevention. (Simeon Institute 1992). (2) Decrease in risk through risk avoidance, risk control or risk transfer. Risk reduction may be estimated both during the decision and evaluation phases of the risk management cycle. (DHS Risk Lexicon 9/08)