A combination of sensors, logic solver and final elements with a specified safety integrity level that detects an out-of-limit (abnormal) condition and brings the process to a functionally safe state without human intervention, or by initiating a trained operator response to an alarm. The SIF: (1) protects against a specific hazard, (2) performs a specific safety function, (3) has a range of probability of failure on demand (PFD) related to the SIL, (4) is independent from other protection or mitigation systems