Scuba - Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus 08


Scuba - Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus 08 :

Etymology: (2) Rebreather: Because rebreathers produce very few bubbles, they do not disturb marine life or make a diver's presence known at the surface; this is useful for underwater photography, and for covert work. Nitrox cylinder marked up for use showing maximum safe operating depth (MOD). Breathing gas. For some diving, gas mixtures other than normal atmospheric air (21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, 1% trace gases) can be used, so long as the diver is properly trained in their use. The most commonly used mixture is Nitrox, also referred to as Enriched Air Nitrox (EAN), which is air with extra oxygen, often with 32% or 36% oxygen, and thus less nitrogen, reducing the likelihood of decompression sickness or allowing longer exposure to the same pressure for equal risk. The reduced nitrogen may also allow for no stops or shorter decompression stop times and a shorter surface interval between dives. A common misconception is that nitrox can reduce narcosis, but research has shown that oxygen is also narcotic. Several other common gas mixtures are in use, and all need specialized training for safe use. The increased oxygen levels in nitrox help reduce the risk of decompression sickness; however, below the maximum operating depth of the mixture, the increased partial pressure of oxygen can lead to an unacceptable risk of oxygen toxicity. To displace nitrogen without the increased oxygen concentration, other diluents can be used, usually helium, when the resultant three gas mixture is called trimix, and when the nitrogen is fully substituted by helium, heliox. For technical dives, some of the cylinders may contain different gas mixtures for the various phases of the dive, typically designated as Travel, Bottom, and Decompression gases. These different gas mixtures may be used to extend bottom time, reduce inert gas narcotic effects, and reduce decompression times

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