Spill 2
Spill 2 : (1) Any loss of containment that results in a liquid release that reaches the environment, ie is not retained within secondary or other confinement. Also, any loss of containment that reaches the environment, irrespective of quantity recovered. In 2009, participating OGP member companies reported 3,222 spills greater than 1 barrel in size, resulting in a normalised spill rate of 1.5 spills per million tonnes of hydrocarbon production. This rate was similar to the rate seen in 2008 of 1.4. The reported spills >1 bbl resulted in the release of a total of 40,126 tonnes of oil. The average quantity of oil spilled per unit of hydrocarbon production has risen to 19 tonnes per million tonnes production, more than twice the averages for 2008 and 2007. There is significantly less oil spilled offshore than onshore. Spill volumes are usually dominated by a few incidents. In 2009, the largest reported oil spill volume resulted from a single incident that occurred in Qatar, where 17,420 tonnes of crude oil (43% of the total) were spilled as a result of an onshore well blowout due to corrosion. 77% (13,400 tonnes) of the material spilled in that incident was recovered. Regional analysis shows that the average size of onshore spills is higher in the Middle East and Africa than in the other regions. In the Middle East this is the direct result of the unusually large spill in Qatar. In Africa the high average can mainly be attributed to equipment failure or to wilful damage to facilities (sabotage) or mishaps during theft of crude from oil facilities, wells, flow lines or pipelines
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