"During Hurricane Hugo in 1989, some emergency management structures, as well as governing authorities, were so heavily damaged that massive external resources were required to reconstitute and reconstruct basic crisis management and life-sustaining capabilities. In short, the government itself became the victim. The SCM Initiative is designed to assure the development of a minimum infrastructure of SCM capabilities by each State and Territory that should prevent such a situation from occurring again". (FEMA, An Introduction to Survivable Crisis Management, Sep 1992, 6). "The worst damages to human life, property, and reputation usually are set in motion within the first few hours. If the leaders responsible for managing emergencies and the capabilities needed for them to do so are not ready and survivable when the situations occur, the consequences can be catastrophic. That is why Survivable Crisis Management should be a high priority for the Federal Government and for every State and Territory in the United States". (Ibid, 13)