Initiated by the FCDA in 1955. “The survivil of populations likely to be the targets of thermonuclear weapons will depend upon balanced evacuation and shelter measures; evacuation - to escape blast, heat, and initial radiation - and shelter, of substantial strength outside the areas of heaviest damage for those who must remain, and lighter shelter beyond the probable target area agaainst radioactive fallout, the lethal secondary effect of a thermon-nuclear ground explosion. Funds to make an excellent start in survival planning were appropriated by Congress and advanced by FCDA to State and local gogvernments after individual project agreements have been approved by National Headquarters. Because survival planning is new, FCDA has proceeded cautiously. Most of the States and metropolitan areas that have initiated survival studies are working on the first phase of the plan - designing the study, inventorying existing community data, and making preliminary surveys aned analyses…. Survival planning can be done on a single city basis, or statewide, or for a whole cluster of critical target areas involving more than one State….….Even in the development of proposals for Phase I Survival Plan studies, a large number of political subdivisions have had to face up to the fact that they can neither plan nor operate separately”. (FCDA, 1955 Annual Report, 1956, p. 2) To assist States and their political subdivisions in developing survival plan studies, FCDA compiled and published Survival Plan Manual, M-27-1, and Survival Plan Work Book, M-27-2. Included in the two publications is a discussion of survey areas that should be covered in each study. These include (1) the location and anyalysis of population, including special assistance groups, institutional requirements, and a portion of the industrial jurisdiction coordination, the continuity of government, communications requirements, capabilities, service coordination, and alerting capabilities; (3) movement, including analysis of movement capabilities and capacities, transportation availability, and trafic control; (4) shelter availability and requirements; (5) reception and care, including assembly and reception area analysis, industrial population reception, institutional requirements and reception area, and a study of the return and/or resettlement analysis; (6) resources, which includes logtistical support and the utilization of Government resources with primary emphasis on the location of manpower, material, and facilities; (7) information and training, which includes romotional analysis and internal alerting capabilities”. (FCDA,1955 Annual Report, p. 24)