Seismic waves observed at distances more than 20º (or about 2200 km) away from the epicenter. For record and raypath examples see, e.g., Fig. 1.2 in Chapter 1, Fig. 2.4.2 ??? in Chapter 2 as well as DS 11.2 and 11.3 of this Manual
Peter Bormann, Keiiti Aki, William H. K. Lee, and Johannes Schweitzer (Compilers and Amenders), Glossary of Terms Interest to Earthquake and Engineering Seismologists (Version 1), Publication records from external use of GFZ scientific infrastructure, Germany 2011. http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escido c:56137:3/component/escidoc:56143/Glossary_rev1.pd f, (ND/ Erthq - Amer) {980}