The recent TOPOFF 4 Exercise specifically focused on responding to RDD [Radiological Dispersion Device] attacks in three different geographic areas. (FEMA, Statement for the Record, 2007, p. 2) TOPOFF 4 Full-Scale Exercise (October 15-20, 2007):
B. Wayne Blanchard, Guide To Emergency Management and Related Terms, Definitions, Concepts, Acronyms, Organizations, Programs, Guidance, Executive Orders & Legislation, A Tutorial on Emergency Management, Broadly Defined, Past and Present, B. Wayne Blanchard, USA 2007 (Last Modified 2008). http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/docs/terms%20a nd%20definitions/Terms%20and%20Definitions.pdf, (Emr Mgt/ ND and Other Dzstr - Amer) {11}