TOPOFF 4 was conducted this October as a Full Scale Exercise in three locations: Arizona, Guam and Oregon. In accordance with the NEP, the TOPOFF 4 Full Scale Exercise was designated as a Tier I National Level Exercise for Fiscal Year 2008. This exercise centered on White House directed, governmentwide strategy and policy-related issues. It was conducted with the participation of all appropriate Secretaries (or their Deputies), other senior officials, and all necessary operations centers. While the TOPOFF 4 scenario was focused on RDDs [Radiation Dispersal Devices], this exercise reflected USG-wide priorities, not single department or agency programs. Building on knowledge derived from earlier Federal-level exercises and recent real world events, TOPOFF 4 contained several new elements including: increased coordination with the Department of Defense, expanded emphasis on prevention - the opportunity to piece together an intelligence puzzle and stop an attack before it occurs, as well as the focus on mass decontamination and long-term recovery and remediation issues. The inclusion of Guam as one of the three venues also focused efforts on coordinating procedures and communications with a U.S. territory. TOPOFF 4 was the first exercise in the series to focus on one specific event - RDDs. The selection of this event in all three venues allowed the Federal Government, in coordination with State, Territorial, County and City partners to evaluate capabilities required in a response to near simultaneous events of a similar type. (FEMA, Statement of Glenn Cannon, November 15, 2007, pp. 15-16)