Back Pressure 1
Back Pressure 1 : (Hydraul) The pressure drops occurring in pipes or hose lines due to the hydrostatic head and viscous (friction) losses. Hydrostatic losses are proportional to the difference in height between the pump and the exit nozzle and represent the work required to raise the fluid against the force of gravity. Note: Pressure differences can be positive (pump below exit) or negative (pump above exit). When pumping is not used in the latter case, the system operates as a siphon. In fire practice, head losses are approx 4. 5 psi pressure for each 10 feet of lift. Viscous losses are usually negligible compared with head losses, but can become considerable in long lines or rough pipes
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