Triplication
Triplication : Behavior of the travel-time curve showing three arrivals for the same range of epicentral distance caused by a sharp increase of velocity with depth. This happens when a part of ray paths refracted from below the zone of velocity increase appears at shorter distances than that from above the zone. These two travel-time branches are connected by the so-called receding branch associated with ray paths through the zone. See Aki and Richards (2002 or 2009, Fig. 9.19, p. 421). See branch (of travel-time curve), PKP triplication, and P triplications in Figs. 2.28a, 2.29 and 2.50 ??? of Chapter 2 in this Manual
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