Validity, Measurement 1
Validity, Measurement 1 : An expression of the degree to which a measurement measures what it purports to measure. Several varieties are distinguished, including construct validity, content validity, and criterion validity (concurrent and predictive validity). Construct Validity: The extent to which the measurement corresponds to theoretical concepts (constructs) concerning the phenomenon under study. For example, if on theoretical grounds, the phenomenon should change with age, a measurement with construct validity would reflect such a change. Content Validity: The extent to which the measurement incorporates the domain of the phenomenon under study. For example, a measurement of functional health status should embrace activities of daily living, occupational, family, and social functioning, etc. Criterion Validity: The extent to which the measurement correlates with an external criterion of the phenomenon under study. Two aspects of criterion validity can be distinguished. (1) Concurrent validity. The measurement and the criterion refer to the same point in time. An example would be a visual inspection of a wound for evidence of infection validated against bacteriological examination of a specimen taken at the same time. (2) Predictive validity. The measurement's validity is expressed in terms of its ability to predict the criterion. An example would be an academic aptitude test that was validated against subsequent academic performance
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