Civil liberties, security and fraud experts all recommend DRE machines that include the capacity to print a physical record that may then be audited to confirm election results. The record may then be visually verified by the voter and retained as a receipt and confirmation. Such records are of course then useful in the event of a recount or otherwise contested election. Dr. Rebecca Mercuri is credited as the creator of the VVPAT concept, in which e-voting is made auditable through visual verification of a paper facsimile before transferring it to a secure location. As a result, VVPAT is sometimes referred to as the "Mercuri method