The protection of youth and employment promotion are two major aspects of the mandate of the International Labour Organization (ILO). While most ILO instruments are applicable to young people, some are particularly important as they address fundamental human rights at work or contain provisions specific to youth employment. Many ILO instruments call for specific protective measures for young workers i.e. workers who have not attained 18 years of age in terms of working conditions and occupational safety and health. Some are especially designed for that purpose, such as Conventions and Recommendations on night work or medical examination of young persons. A number of instruments of general application provide for special measures for young workers. This is the case, for instance, of the instruments on occupational safety and health, which contain provisions to prevent or limit the exposure of young person's to specific occupational hazards. The Employment Policy Convention, 1964 (No. 122), is the leading ILO instrument for employment promotion. It's accompanying Recommendation (No. 122) calls for special priority to be given to measures designed to remedy the serious, and in some countries growing, problem of unemployment among young people. The Employment Policy (Supplementary Provisions) Recommendation, 1984 (No. 169), details special measures that should be taken to assist young people in finding their first job and to ease the transition from school to work. It also makes the important point that these measures should be carefully monitored to ensure that they result in beneficial effect on young people's employment and that they should be consistent with the conditions of employment established under national law and practice. Other instruments relevant to the promotion of youth employment include the Employment Service Convention, 1948 (No. 88), which provides for special arrangements for youth to be initiated and developed within the framework of the employment and vocational guidance services. The Employment Service Recommendation, 1948 (No. 83), adds that special efforts should be made to encourage young people to register for employment and to attend employment interviews. The Human Resources Development Convention, 1975 (No. 142), requires the gradual extension of vocational guidance and training systems closely linked with employment to meet the needs throughout life of both young persons and adults. In accordance with the Human Resources Development Recommendation, 2004 (No. 195), access of youth to education, training and lifelong learning should be promoted. The Special Youth Schemes Recommendation, 1970 (No. 136), was adopted to specifically address the promotion of youth employment. It applies to special schemes designed to enable young person's to take part in activities directed to the economic and social development of their country. Within the framework of the Millennium Declaration (September 2000), the United Nations Secretary-General convened, together with the Director- General of the ILO and the President of the World Bank, the Youth Employment Network (YEN), and appointed 12 eminent persons as the High-Level Panel members responsible for preparing a set of policy recommendations. The Panel's recommendations were discussed in the General Assembly in 2001. They encourage Heads of State and Government to develop national action plans on youth employment, based on a critical review of past and present initiatives, and through a process of wide consultation with employers organizations, trade unions, youth groups and other civil society groups. The recommendations identify four global priorities for national action: employability; equal opportunities for young men and young women; entrepreneurship; and employment creation. Since September 2002, the ILO has been hosting the YEN permanent secretariat and has taken the lead in organizing its work. See: Child labour; Employment policy; Employment services; Human resources development; Minimum age; Occupational safety and health; Worst forms of child labour