Safety and Health Topics (1) Lead. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page. (2) Sampling and Analysis. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page. Contains general monitoring information. (3) Use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is not acceptable to determine employee lead exposures. OSHA Standard Interpretation, (2000, May 8). (4) Using X-ray fluorescence for analysis of lead in paint and applicability of other agencies lead levels. OSHA Standard Interpretation, (1999, March 1). (5) Lead Test Kits. OSHA, (1994, September). (6) OSHA Technical Manual (OTM). OSHA Directive TED 01-00-015 [TED 1-0.15A], (1999, January 20). (6.1) Personal Sampling for Air Contaminants. (Updated June 24, 2008); (6.2) Sampling for Surface Contamination. (Updated June 24, 2008). (7) Lead: Battery Manufacturing - Source Identification Protocol. OSHA eTool. Contains links to tools that are useful in identifying sources of lead exposure. Blood Lead Laboratories: Blood Lead Laboratories. OSHA administers a program for approval of laboratories submitting data as required by the 29 CFR 1910.1025(j). Video Exposure Monitoring: Analyzing Workplace Exposures Using Direct Reading Instruments and Video Exposure Monitoring Techniques. US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 92-104, (1992, August). Contains information on techniques, equipment, and data analysis. Also includes case studies. Controls: Controlling the exposure to lead can be done through engineering controls, administrative actions, and personal protective equipment (PPE). Engineering controls include local exhaust ventilation, total enclosures where feasible, mechanical handling methods, and isolation of the source generating lead. Administrative actions include limiting the worker's exposure time, and requiring workers to shower and change into clean clothes before leaving the worksite. Personal protective equipment may include wearing the proper respiratory protection to keep workers' exposure below the OSHA permissible exposure limit and the use of personal protective clothing. The following references contain information to help reduce lead exposures. (1) Lead: Battery Manufacturing. OSHA eTool. Provides an interactive web-based training tool on the hazards and controls associated with battery manufacturing. (2) Lead. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page. (3) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page. (4) Respiratory Protection. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page. (5) Hazard Communication. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page. (6) Occupational Lead Exposure: A Health Care Provider Alert [75 KB PDF, 4 pages]. Washington State Department of Labor and Industries Report #17-7-2001, (2001, May). Designed to help you work with the Department of Labor and Industries to prevent lead poisoning. (7) Health and Safety Guide for Storage Battery Manufactures. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), (1977, July). Describes safe practices and some of the more frequently encountered safety and health violations in battery manufacturing plants. See more from topic source: https://www.osha.gov/html/a-z-index.html