Becher
Becher : A process for making synthetic rutile (a titanium concentrate), from ilmenite ore. The ore, typically containing 58 percent titanium dioxide, is first roasted with coal and 0.2 to 0.5 percent of elemental sulfur at 1,200?C in a specially designed rotary kiln. This reduces the iron in the ilmenite to the metallic state. After cooling, partially burnt coal and ash is removed from the product by screening and magnetic separation. The reduced ilmenite is then agitated in water containing ammonium chloride as a catalyst, and air is blown through. This converts the metallic iron to a flocculent precipitate of iron oxides, which are then removed by wet classification. The synthetic rutile product contains approximately 93 percent of titanium dioxide
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