Bench Mark 1 : A permanently fixed point of known elevation. A primary bench mark is one close to a tide station to which the tide staff and tidal datum originally are referenced
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission IOC technical series 37, Tsunami Glossary (A glossary of terms and acronyms used in the tsunami literature - English), , United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO, Paris, France 1991. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0008/000885/08853 8eb.pdf, (ND/ Tsunami Sci - Brit) {590}