Biological Assessment of Exposure 1
Biological Assessment of Exposure 1 : Exposure to chemicals may be assessed by the analysis of specimens taken in the environment (air, water, food, etc.) or of specimens of biological material. Most often, urine and blood are analyzed, but other materials such as expired air, faeces, saliva, bile, hair, and biopsy or autopsy material are sometimes analyzed. In these samples, the content of the xenobiotic(s) or its metabolite(s) is determined and, on this basis, the exposure level (concentration in the air, absorbed amount of the substance) or the probability of health impairment due to exposure is derived. Biochemical changes in the components of an organism can also be used for this purpose (e.g., changes in enzyme activity or in the excretion of metabolic intermediates) if they show a relationship to the exposure
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