Causation
Causation :
There is causation only when one factor necessarily alters the possibility of a second. Statistical methods alone cannot establish a causal relationship between factors. Examples of criteria to test causation include: (1) strength of the association, (2) biologic credibility of the association, (3) consistency of the findings with other investigations, (4) temporal relationship of the association,(5) presence of a dose-response relationship. Randomization allows assessment of causation
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