Coda Waves
Coda Waves : The seismograms of an earthquake usually show some vibrations long after the passage of relevant body wave and surface wave onsets in the considered distance range. This portion of the seismogram to its end is called the coda. Coda waves are believed to be back-scattering waves due to in homogeneities in the Earth. They have been extensively used to obtain source spectra, as well as to measure seismic attenuation and site amplification factors by the coda normalization method. See: Sato et al. (2002; p. 198-201). Measurements of rotations in the coda wave field may help to separate P and S energy (See: Pham et al., 2009)
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