Modern Usage By Country: (8) Canada: In Canada, as in the United Kingdom, constable (translated to Canadian French as Gendarme ) is the lowest rank in most police services, including the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Note: in Canadian French, only the federal police (RCMP) is known as "Gendarmerie" (GRC). The officers of the Quebec Provincial Police (Súretédu Québec) are known as "policiers", not "gendarmes". In addition, the chief officers of some municipal police services in Canada, notably Vancouver Police Department, carry the title of Chief Constable. Appointments can further be separated into: (a) Special Constables; (b) RCMP Special Constables are appointed for specific skills, for example, aboriginal language skills. They are peace officers under the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Act. (c) Outside of RCMP, special constables are not police officers but are appointed to serve certain law enforcement functions. For example, SPCA agents or court/jail security officers. (d) Auxiliary Constable or Reserve Constable are volunteers with a policing agency. They generally only have peace officer status when engaged in specific authorized tasks only. (e) Provincial Civil Constables (in Nova Scotia) deal with matters of a civil nature