Control 02
Control 02 : (1) The function or power or (usually as controls) means of directing, regulating or restraining. It should be noted that the usual meaning of the English word control in safety related contexts is somewhat 'stronger' (more active) than that of its usual translations and other similar words in some other languages. For example, 'control' typically implies not only checking or monitoring something, but also ensuring that corrective or enforcement measures are taken if the results of the checking or monitoring indicate such a need. This is in contrast, for example, to the more limited usage of the equivalent word in French, German and Spanish. Institutional Control: Control of a radioactive waste site by an authority or institution designated under the laws of a State. This control may be active (monitoring, surveillance, remedial work) or passive (land use control) and may be a factor in the design of a nuclear facility (e.g. near surface repository). Most commonly used to describe controls over a repository after closure or a facility undergoing decommissioning. Also refers to the controls placed on a site that has been released from regulatory control under the condition of observing specified restrictions on its future use to ensure that these restrictions are complied with. The term institutional control is more general than regulatory control (i.e. regulatory control may be thought of as a special form of institutional control). In particular, institutional control measures may be passive, they may be imposed for reasons not related to protection or safety (although they may nevertheless have some impact on protection and safety), they may be applied by organizations that do not meet the definition of a regulatory body, and they may apply in situations which do not fall within the scope of facilities and activities. As a result, some form of decommissioning. Institutional Control: May be considered more likely to endure further into the future than regulatory control. Regulatory Control: Any form of control or regulation applied to facilities or activities by a regulatory body for reasons relating to radiation protection or to the safety or security of radioactive sources. See: also institutional control. (2) A standard of comparison used to check the inferences deduced from an experiment. In protection and safety, a control is most commonly a sample or a group of people that has not been exposed to radiation from a particular source; the occurrence of particular effects in a sample or group of people that has been exposed is compared with that in the control to provide some indication of the effects that may be attributable to the exposure. For example, a case-control study is a common type of epidemiological study in which the incidence of health effects (the 'cases') in a population that has been exposed to radiation from a particular source is compared with the incidence in a similar population (the 'control') that has not been exposed, to investigate whether exposure due to that source may be causing health effects
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