Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls
Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls : CoCom is an informal organization that cooperatively restricts strategic exports to controlled countries CoCom controls three lists: (a) the international industrial list (synonymous with the "dual-use" or "core" list), (b) the international munitions list, and (c) the atomic energy list The 17 CoCom members are: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States Other countries, including: Austria, Finland, Hong Kong, Ireland, New Zealand, Sweden, and Switzerland have been designated as "cooperating countries" These countries receive many of the benefits ascribed to CoCom member countries CoCom controls exports at three levels, depending on the item and the proposed destination At the highest or "general exception" level, unanimous approval by CoCom members is necessary At the next level, "favorable consideration," there is a presumption of approval; the export may be made if no CoCom members objects within 30 days of submission to CoCom At the lowest level, "national discretion" (also called "administrative exception"), a member nation may approve the export on its own, but CoCom must be notified after the fact CoCom is scheduled to terminate on March 31, 1994
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