Department of Homeland Security, Operational Security Domains (Four)
Department of Homeland Security, Operational Security Domains (Four) : "Operating in Multiple Domains "The Department's prevention, protection, response and recovery missions are carried out across a range of security domains, to include the air, land, maritime, and cyber domains. Security domains are those areas of flow of goods, people, and technologies, where a breach in security with malicious intent threatens the overall homeland security of the country. Achieving homeland security means exercising dominion over each of the homeland security domains so as to have information about the threats and vulnerabilities within the domains and be able to prevent, protect, respond and recover from security incidents in that domain. For example, achieving security in the cyber domain is not merely related to building fire-walls to prevent cyber attacks, but also includes increasing domain awareness, building a cyber response and recovery system, and developing partnerships among a range of legitimate participants in activities (including commerce) in cyber space, particularly the private sector, to reduce the consequences of an attack to the cyber network. DHS strives to lead the unified effort to prevent, protect, respond, and recover from threats to the citizens, infrastructure and homeland of the United States across four major domains. (1) The land domain. The homeland security land domain entails the entire geographic area of the United States and its territories. Protecting the land domain entails both border protection, to prevent illicit entry of people and goods into the U.S., as well as protection of the country's infrastructure. This involves both a "borders out" and a "borders in" approach to security operations. (2) The maritime domain. The maritime domain is all areas and things of, on, under, relating to, adjacent to, or bordering on a sea, ocean, or other navigable waterway, including all maritime related activities, infrastructure, people, cargo, and vessels and other conveyances. (3) The air domain. The air domain consists of both the skies above the United States, and the skies that allow entry into U.S. airspace. As the National Strategy for Aviation Security notes, "the differences between ground-based and airborne aviation security measures implemented in different jurisdictions throughout the world, the volume of domestic and international air traffic, the speed with which events unfold, and the complexity of aviation assets make the Air Domain uniquely susceptible to attack or exploitation by terrorist groups, hostile nation-states, and criminals". (4) The cyber domain. The cyber domain is composed of hundreds of thousands of interconnected computers, servers, routers, switches, and fiber optic cables that allow the Nation's critical infrastructures to work. Thus, the healthy functioning of cyberspace is essential to the economy and the Nation's well-being.16 (DHS, Capstone Doctrine Pub 1 Draft, Chapter 2, 2008, p. 2-6)
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