Detectors 009
Detectors 009 : Ionization: (3) Quantum ionization: (3) Atomic stabilization: According to a general theory of Cook et al. , the electron in the external rapidly oscillating potential will experience the time average effective potential. It means that within this approximation the effective potential for the electric field in the dipole approximation whose time-dependent potential is linear is constant and the atom does not ionize at all. In practice, because atoms ionize, it results in lower counter-intuitive ionization rates for fields higher than for lower field values, even in ultra-strong field limit and atomic stabilization of ionization occurs. More precise theory shows that during the action of the laser field, the time-averaged effective potential of H2+ is formed which binds the electron even if very strong electromagnetic field is present in similarity to the hydrogen molecule ion and prevents ionization
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