Detectors 018
Detectors 018 : Ionization: (4.4.2) (2. 2) Cathode Emission Caused By Impact of Ions: Townsend, Holst and Oosterhuis also put forward an alternative hypothesis, considering the augmented emission of electrons by the cathode caused by impact of positive ions. This introduced Townsend's second ionization coefficient ; the average number of electrons released from a surface by an incident positive ion, according to the following formula: These two formulas may be thought as describing limiting cases of the effective behavior of the process: note that either can be used to describe the same experimental results. Other formulas describing various intermediate behaviors are found in the literature, particularly in reference 1 and citations therein
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