Detectors 199
Detectors 199 : Particle Detectors: (4.26) Smoke Detector: (2) Design: (2. 1) Optical: Although optical alarms are highly effective at detecting smouldering fires and do provide adequate protection from flaming fires, some fire safety experts and the National Fire Protection Association recommend installing what are called combination alarms, which are alarms that either detect both heat and smoke, or use both the ionization and photoelectric/optical processes. Also some combination alarms may include a carbon monoxide detection capability. Combination ionization/photoelectric smoke alarms are controversial. The World Fire Safety Foundation (WFSF), the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF), the Australasian Fire and Emergency Service Authorities Council (AFAC), the Fire Protection Association of Australia and a growing number of fire departments, consumer and fire safety experts around the world do not recommend them. The officials positions of the WFSF, the IAFF and AFAC state, "Ionization smoke alarms may not operate in time to alert occupants early enough to escape from smoldering fires". However, stand-alone photoelectric smoke alarms are proven to provide adequate egress time in both the smoldering and flaming stages of fire. Not all optical or photoelectric detection methods are the same. The type and sensitivity of the photodiode or optical sensor, and type of smoke chamber differ between manufacturers. An optical beam smoke detector works for large open spaces
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