"U.S. Joint Forces Command will support two major exercises, Determined Promise 04 (DP04) and Amalgam Virgo 04 (AV04).... this week for the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) and the U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) to test the commands' responses to terrorist attacks on national, state and local levels. USJFCOM developed DP04's scenario that will test USNORTHCOM's ability to assist civil and federal authorities in a coordinated response to simulate chemical, radiological, and explosive hazards, conducted in California and Virginia. "The exercises will involve more than 4,000 Canadian and U.S. military personnel in three U.S. states [CA and VA] and two Canadian provinces.... The Southern California portion of DP-04 involves a simulated massive explosion of a radiological dispersion device in the Port of Los Angeles, resulting in casualties and thousands of resident exposures to the unknown substance "cloud," among several other events. State and federal partners, including the FBI, Transportation Security Administration, DoD, Department of Energy, the California National Guard Civil Support Teams, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency will participate in the full-scale exercise. In Virginia, the exercise will involve federal, state and local teams as well as those in the private sector. The exercise will test the abilities of Virginia's emergency managers and first responders to handle more than 12,000 deaths and 62,000 serious injuries arising from simultaneous simulated "terrorist" attacks including a cruise ship, a major auto race, a bridge and two tunnels in Hampton Roads, a large suburban Richmond, Va. shopping complex and a Richmond area elementary school". (USJFCOM, USJFCOM Supports Two Exercises, 04)