"Direct": To be direct, the functional failure or resulting secondary damage must achieve its effect by itself, not in combination with other functional failures (no redundancy exists and it is a primary dispatch item). "Adverse Effect on Safety": Safety shall be considered as adversely affected if the consequences of the failure condition would prevent the continued safe flight and landing of the aircraft and/or might cause serious or fatal injury to human occupants. "Operating": This is defined as the time interval during which passengers and crew are on board for the purpose of flight