Directed Blast : A hot, low-density mixture of rock debris, ash, and gases that moves at high speed along the ground surface. Directed blasts are generated by explosions. (Miller, 1989)
U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, US Geological Society (USGS), Glossary of Volcano and Related Terminology, USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington, USA 2006. http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/volcano_termino logy.html, (ND/ Volc Sci - Amer) {493}
U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Volcano Hazards Program, Glossary, Washington, DC, USA 2011. http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vsc/glossary/alluvium.ht ml, (ND/ Volc Emr - Amer) {795}