Industrial Relations 2
Industrial Relations 2 : In the narrow meaning, "industrial relations" includes the relationship and interaction between employers and employees. In the wider meaning, "industrial relations" covers all aspects of the employment relationship, including human resource management, employee relations, and union-management (or labour) relations. Since the 1950s, the term deals with unionized employment relationships, especially the study and practice of collective bargaining, trade unionism, and labour-management relations, while human resource management is a separate, largely distinct field that deals with non-union employment relationships and the personnel practices and policies of employers
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