Intervention 01
Intervention 01 : "[A] move by a state or an international organisation to involve itself in the domestic affairs of another state, whether the state consents or not". (Hoffman, 1993:88). Intervention can include: i) preventive interventions before the outbreak of a conflict; ii) curative intervention that aims at the solution, limitation, control or regulation of an existing conflict; iii) de-escalating intervention that aims at reducing tension and must be based on insight into the factors and mechanisms that led to escalation; and iv) escalating interventions, it can be in the interest of a permanent conflict resolution to escalate a 'cold' conflict (one in which the parties avoid both contact and confrontation). (Glasl, 1997:148- 149). An emerging global consensus about the permissibility of multilateral coercive actions covers the following situations: i) "[t]o prevent and punish aggression by one state against another; ii) in a civil war, to reimpose peace terms on one party that has reneged, provided their terms had originally resulted from UN peacemaking; iii) to enforce violations of international agreements banning the possession, manufacture, or trade of weapons of mass destruction; iv) to enforce agreements banning or limiting trade in conventional arms, including trade in dual-use and forbidden technologies; v) to prevent an event certified by experts as an immediate impending ecological catastrophe; vi) to prevent genocide; vii) to protect an established democratic polity from antidemocratic armed challenges, but not to protect a dubious or fictitious one; and viii) to prevent and alleviate famine and mass epidemics". (Ernst B. Haas 1993:81). (FEWER)
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