Maintenance of Social Security Rights
Maintenance of Social Security Rights : ILO Convention No. 157 (1982) aims at establishing an international system for the maintenance of rights to medical care and sickness benefit, and maternity, invalidity, old-age, survivors, employment injury, unemployment and family benefits in respect of persons working or residing outside their country. This very technical and complex Convention seeks to promote, on a general level, wide-ranging but flexible coordination between national social security schemes, taking account of the differences in their respective levels of development. Flexibility is assured by a distinction made between provisions applicable upon ratification and obligations to which application may be given by bilateral or multilateral agreements. Certain derogations are possible, either by way of special arrangements between countries, or subject to compensatory guarantees at the date of ratification. The Convention seeks to protect not only salaried employees and selfemployed persons, within the territory of a ratifying ILO Member State, but also such other persons as the members of the families of the employees concerned. Possible benefits - payment of which is subject to appropriate reciprocity according to each case - are in respect of the nine contingencies referred to above. The Convention has provisions for adding together periods of insurance, employment, occupational activity or residence, under schemes for the maintenance of rights in course of acquisition. It also provides appropriate conditions for the maintenance of acquired rights to the various types of benefits having regard to the legislation that the countries concerned have in force for the branch concerned. Each State bound by Convention No. 157 shall guarantee the provision of invalidity, old-age and survivors' cash benefits, pensions in respect of employment injuries and death grants, to which a right is acquired under its legislation, to beneficiaries who are nationals of a State also bound by this Convention, or refugees or stateless persons, irrespective of their place of residence. The Convention also deals with administrative assistance and assistance to persons covered. See: Social security (and free movement of workers); Social security (minimum Maritime labour Convention (ILO) See: Consolidated maritime labour Convention
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