Chapter I - Overview: (5) General Planning Considerations for CBRN Response: (A) (6) Explosives Effects and Role in CBRN Incidents: Even though this publication does not provide doctrine for explosives incidents because explosives do not leave a residual hazard, explosives are addressed here based on their role in CBRN incidents. (a) According to Technical Manual 9-1300-200, Ammunition, General (Chapter 2-11 to 2-15), explosives are categorized as high explosives (HE) and low-order explosives (LE). HE detonate and produce a defining supersonic overpressurization shock wave. Examples of HE include TNT (trinitrotoluene), nitroglycerin, dynamite, and ammonium nitrate fuel oil. LE deflagrate (rapidly burn rather than detonate), create a subsonic explosion, and lack HE's overpressurization wave. Examples of LE include gunpowder and most pure petroleum-based bombs such as Molotov cocktails or aircraft improvised as guided missiles. The differing injury patterns caused by HE and LE should also be factored in when mitigating the consequences of a chemical or radiological incident involving an explosive. (b) Explosives can generate casualties in several ways depending on the type of explosion, secondary effects of the explosion (e.g., building collapse, fire), and the surrounding environment of the explosion (e.g., confined spaces, availability of debris or materials to generate an expanding area of potential injuries). Some chemical compounds are unstable. When shocked or burned they react, possibly to the point of deflagration or even detonation, thereby adding to the potential hazards when dealing with a chemical incident. (c) An RDD may use explosives (e.g., bulk HE) or nonexplosive means (e.g., a crop duster spraying finely ground radioactive material) to disperse radioactive material. Explosives may be used to release chemical agents from ordnance or release a chemical agent from its container. The explosion itself and its effect on vehicles and structures will be a contributing factor in many of the injuries or add to the difficulty of getting to casualties trapped in rubble and collapsed structures, leaving them at further risk from the agent. Estimating CBRN response requirements only on the casualties with agent injuries will significantly underestimate the magnitude of the problem. Those injured who get radiation particles into their wounds will have significantly greater recovery problems and reduced life expectancy than those who have uncompromised skin surface that can be decontaminated. Conditions similar to this exist for chemical incidents. Secondary explosions, due to fires, can cause their own injuries and make the response more dangerous, particularly in a nuclear incident. Due to the negative effect of heat on most biological agents, explosives do not generally play a role in biological incidents. Finally, a secondary attack using improvised explosive devices should always be considered during any CBRN CM response planning