Civil War
Civil War : Large-scale armed conflict within one country fought either between the regime in power and challengers or, in failing states with no recognised authority, between warlords or communal groups (Weiss & Collins, 1996:217; Licklider, 1993:9). There are two basic variants of civil wars: i) when the control of the state is the source of contest; ii) when one part of the population wants to form a new state or join a neighbouring state. Civil wars can be triggered by external factors (proxy wars). Most often they are the result of intra-elite conflicts. Most civil wars involve more than one element of the following: i) Secessionist civil war; ii) Revolutionary guerrilla war; iii) Conflicts between military and civilian authorities (including police vs. military); iv) Criminal gang wars, among themselves and against the state; v) Terrorist campaigns; vi) Religious sects and fundamentalist movements; vii) Genocidal campaigns against, and ethnic cleansing of, minorities; viii) Conflict between the state and (sectors of) society; xi) Conflicts between two peoples or nations for control of one territory; x) Conflicts between factions of parties or armed forces (warlordism); xi) Conflicts between religious groups, ethnic communal groups, linguistic groups, tribes or clans; xii) Wars between nomadic peoples and sedentary people; xiii) Clashes between immigrants and natives. (FEWER)
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